Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels Free Essays

1.0 Introduction The interest for unrefined steel has expanded overall as per World Steel Association the steel creation in 2010 was 1414 million tones. This shows an expansion 15% when contrasted with the aggregate in 2009 where creation was 1229 tons. We will compose a custom exposition test on Impact of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP prepares or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Is intriguing that China represented 44% of this aggregate, if China was prohibited the yearly all out expanded by 20% when we contrast this with 2009. The steel creation in December for 66 nations expanded by 7.8% to 116 million tons [1]. To fulfill these creation needs, giving is locked in a role as the picked manufacture process as it is more monetarily practical for high creation rates than shaping activities. Specifically, the method of constant giving is supported a role as an essential hot-moving activity that produces pieces or slight sheets of steel. These are a helpful element that would then be able to experience optional metal-framing tasks. The ordinary method to improve the quality and effect conduct of steel is to include limited quantities of small scale alloying components, for example, Al or for our situation B to profit grain.Micro-alloying increases empower rigidities of more than 500 MPa to be accomplished [2] as the smaller scale composites framed fine hastens that would append the austenite grain limits from moving just as to give fortifying by means of precipitation solidifying. Note that these helpful mechanical properties built into prepares are just relevant to the completed item, where the steel is utilized at room temperature as autos. This point is material before the completed steel is even used, as at the high temperatures of the persistent throwing activity, the steel has bothersome properties. In the course of recent years, the trouble in throwing a few prepares has prompted extraordinary endeavors in understanding the science behind the splitting procedures. The ceaseless throwing procedure can somewhat be mimicked utilizing a straightforward research facility hot elastic test. Examining the hot malleability of the steel under these research center conditions gives extraordinary understanding into the feasibility of creating nonstop cast steel liberated from transverse breaking. It has been measured that in the wake of stressing a steel test to disappointment, a malleability showed as a decrease of zone (R of An) estimation of more prominent than 40 % will take into account fruitful throwing in industry [3]. These discoveries are additionally upheld with visual examining strategies, for example, microscopy, filtering electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These permit bits of knowledge into the impact of grain size, precipitation solidifying , cooling rates, strain rate and sythesis on break spread which are exceedingly significant in clarifying disappointment modes and forestalling disappointment. New steel types should be tried under research facility conditions before steel organizations have the certainty for large scale manufacturing in industry. 2.0 Literature Review 3.0 Aim Method of Contribution The serious issue with TWIP prepares is the troublesome in throwing it; this is on the grounds that during the nonstop throwing activity, the cast must be fixed as it is being thrown in a bended shape. The fixing procedure puts the surface and the edges of the chunks into pressure and this causes breaks and this can be proliferated effectively into delicate steel reviews this is the thing that TWIP falls into. The point of the task is to do a hot flexibility test in which a pliable example is liquefied and afterward cooled to the fixing temperature which ranges from 1000-700 °C as utilized in the business throwing activity. Following this the example is stressed to disappointment by utilizing the strain rate utilized in the rigid activity as this is a decent marker of a prepares likely hood to break. There have been signs that that by including a modest quantity of boron for our situation (0.001%) that this will improve the hot flexibility of the new TWIP prepares and this would make them simpler to cast [3] As referenced the investigation includes the malleability test in which an elastic example is softened and afterward cooled to the fixing temperature which ranges from 1000-700 °C from this we will get a hot flexibility bend. Following this I will perform infinitesimally and filtering electron magnifying lens assessment of the cracked surfaces to discover the instrument of this improvement. I have 12 examples which have been given by POSCO. The machine utilized for the pliable test is the Hounsfield Tensometer which is arranged at City University. 3.1 Gannt Chart Project 4.0 References [1] †ISSB: World Steel Review (Iron Steel Bureau, February 2011) [2] †Abu Shousha, R., I: Hot Ductility of Steels (PhD proposal, City University) [3] †Discussions with Prof B.Mintz Step by step instructions to refer to Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP prepares, Essay models

Management of Business Telecommunications System

Question: Talk about the Management of Business Telecommunications System. Answer: Presentation Business media transmission is of most extreme significance to an association whether little or global. CA business media transmission helps in framing a profound connection with the pre-built up relations with different business in some different pieces of world. Media transmission has differed countenances of it, which relies upon the ease of use in the picked association. This is a result of the way that associations accept utilization of the innovation according to their necessity, which in fact is straightforwardly corresponding to the business zone. Media transmission is of a few sorts, for example, phone, Smartphone, Tablets, Internets, Intranet, E-mail and distributed computing (Bovee and Courtland 2012). In this task, two associations are picked for understanding the administration of media transmission in various types of associations. This is without a doubt supportive in separating the utilization of correspondence innovation in various types of associations relying upon the region of business. Unilever and ANDigital are picked to comprehend the significance of media transmission innovation in regardless sorts of organizations. Unilever is a global organization that is among the top organizations on the planet. On in opposition to this ANDigital is a little Company, which is situated in UK. A computerized Company is developing with its headways in the field of innovation. The fundamental reason for this task is to comprehend the job of correspondence innovation in business organizations. The task would attempt to make this reasonable that media transmission the board is a lot of required in all sort of organizations, for example, global and little. Be that as it may, their pace of trustworthiness contrasts relying upon the introduction to the world market (Buckingham and Willett 2013). Motivation behind media transmission in business The correspondence is included during professional interactions and handling for a few purposes. At present time, it is extremely hard to maintain a business easily without utilizing any terms of correspondence innovation. To comprehend the reality, it is smarter to go some of the time back in the past that could help in understanding the idea driving the inside correspondence in the middle of the organizations. In the past when innovation was not excessively much progressed, even in those occasions organizations will in general include in some different sorts of business correspondence such wires. In any case, the innovation of PC transformed the then existing type of correspondence into the electronic structure, for example, email. The email stayed well known for a significant long time, which is still being used in right now. Be that as it may, some different advances have dominated the significance of messaging to a specific piece. It has constrained its region of business (Caste lls 2013). Video approaching Skype, Torrent and Nimbuzz are a portion of the advanced developments, which has involved a higher territory in a wide range of organizations. The innovation of video calling has made this simple to associate with somebody, for example, business customer in any event, being in some different pieces of world. The development and advancement of the Smartphone use have brought the majority of the business exercises at the fingertips. Presently, expert can approach o all the essential sorts of business process by being anyplace on the planet. Following are a portion of the targets of the business correspondence innovation (Chen, Chiang and Story 2012): To connect with the customers to talk about on some significant issues Skype is by a wide margin the most usable of all the stage over the strategic policies Customers frequently will in general have an hour or over an hour of conversations on the Skype The utilization of video calling not just have decreased the course of events for the fulfillment of the venture yet it has likewise created savvy factors in the associations To connect with all the partners of the Company as it isn't feasible for a global Company to be truly present before all the partners Above all, online medium if cooperation is likewise useful in setting up a connection with clients, which is important to be administration successful Clients can without much of a stretch give their essential criticisms on the accessible sites of the Company or by utilizing their Smartphones to rate the administrations Undertaking offering has additionally been changed into the online mode, which makes this necessary for a Company to have such ability that are knowledgeable with online for of offering To break down the business techniques of the opponent organizations, which is for the most part accessible on a portion of the administration sites To enable the enlisting to board for drawing in the investment of hopefuls from each corner or parts of the world, which is never practical with the paper commercial To be in the know regarding a wide range of news at simply pass by utilizing Smartphones or tablets Kinds of business correspondence There are a few sorts of business broadcast communications; notwithstanding, four sorts are exceptionally famous. The four sorts of business correspondence are as per the following: VoIP Calling Systems This is a few sorts of customary landline telephones, which works through web association. This is a lot of normal in correspondence focuses, for example, call focus. The procedure engaged with this demonstrates its connection to the landline type of bringing in its physical look; nonetheless, it is inside and out various to the conventional calling as it relies upon web. The procedure is directed by means of making relations in the middle of the various types of web convention address of various modems. It is exceptionally helpful to utilize and financially savvy as it just includes the information utilization, which is extremely low contrast with the customary type of calling (Conrad and Poole 2012). PBX Call Systems It is other huge sorts of business specialized apparatuses, which help in building up the private sorts of calling inside the association. This empowers the private calling inside the association. This additionally helps in building up the few outer sorts of reasons for living, which the workers use with the assistance of various shared numbers. The innovation is presently furnished with the most recent VoIP PBX, which likewise encourage the calling with web (Cornelissen 2014). Video Conferencing As talked about before, this is one of the most extensive use media of correspondence in the middle of various associations. This by and large happens in the middle of the customers of various associations. Additionally, customers can without much of a stretch sow the demo of the task, which would make things extremely more amicable for either party (Davenport 2013). Cell phone The developing innovation of Smartphone have made this a significant resource for the association. Telephones, for example, Iphone, Samsung, Blackberry and Microsoft are a lot of worked with the top of the line advancements, which has caused numerous business forms conceivable at just to go (Downs and Adrian 2012). Issues with the correspondence innovation Correspondence innovation has made occupation simpler for the millions over the globe; be that as it may, it has additionally raised a few issues identified with the security, financially savvy and specialized glitch. Security is one of the significant dangers with the use of the correspondence innovation. The use of telephones is more in danger as all the working framework utilized in the telephones are less sheltered. Iphone is maybe the most secure of the considerable number of stages utilized in the Smartphones. In the serious condition, it is a lot of required to have a significant level of security for ensuring the private issues of the association. Another issue with the use of the innovation is the specialized glitch, which could even upset the business procedure for quite a while. Innovation has made life simpler; in any case, it has additionally placed life in a peril. Cases can be of system disappointment while having the video conferencing, which could hamper or even defe rred the demo of the undertaking. In addition, the innovative glitch does likewise require some consumption for its amendment (DuBrin 2013). Unilever is a worldwide Company, which is perhaps the biggest organization on the planet as far as incomes. The Company is likewise occupied with a few cross outskirt activity, for example, in India, Pakistan, China and Srilanka. The business is circled in a high breadth of the business region. It is significant for Unilever to have a strong mechanical correspondence foundation, which could help the Company in building up a smooth connection with the world business. To be serious in the market and to advance as a leader regarding incomes, they are should have been up dated with all the criticisms of the partners. The high measurement of business activities of the Company makes this critical to have a sound correspondence innovation for making a smooth cooperation with all the components of business. From the assortment of crude materials to the assembling and the dissemination, it needs mechanical progressions at each degree of the business (Dunning 2013). It is a computerized organization, which is in its beginning periods. It needs appropriate considerations of innovative progression in the correspondence field. Be that as it may, it probably won't require the degree of headway, which the Unilever needs. This is a direct result of the way that it is still in its developing age. Notwithstanding, it is significant for them to deal with the innovative necessity and activity with appropriate consideration to keep away from any obstruction to the achievement (Eliasson 2012). Breaking down the correspondence innovation of Unilever The essential type of the correspondence in the Unilever is the yearly report, which they distribute on their site on a yearly premise. This is one of the essential sources, which help its partners in knowing the advancement of the Company. In addition, it likewise let them familiar with the fundamental data of the Company. Be that as it may, Company utilizes a portion of the accompanying vehicle of correspondence innovation (Grant and Meadows 2013): Web - It is one of their essential and significant mechanism of correspondence, which helps the Company in building up a firm relationshi

Pythagoras of Samos Biography

Pythagoras of Samos Biography Pythagoras, a Greek mathematician and rationalist, is most popular for his work creating and demonstrating the hypothesis of geometry that bears his name. Most understudies recall it as follows: the square of the hypotenuse is equivalent to the whole of the squares of the other different sides. Its composed as: a 2 b2 c2. Early Life Pythagoras was conceived on the island of Samos, off the shoreline of Asia Minor (what is currently for the most part Turkey), around 569 BCE. Very little is known about his initial life. There is proof that he was accomplished, and figured out how to peruse and play the lyre. As an adolescent, he may have visited Miletus in his late young years to concentrate with the scholar Thales, who was an exceptionally elderly person, Thaless understudy, Anaximander was giving talks on Miletus and conceivably, Pythagoras went to these talks. Anaximander took an incredible enthusiasm for geometry and cosmology, which affected the youthful Pythagoras. Odyssey to Egypt The following period of Pythagorass life is somewhat confounding. He went to Egypt for quite a while and visited, or if nothing else attempted to visit, a large number of the sanctuaries. At the point when he visited Diospolis, he was acknowledged into the brotherhood subsequent to finishing the rituals vital for affirmation. There, he proceeded with his instruction, particularly in science and geometry. From Egypt in Chains Ten years after Pythagoras showed up in Egypt, relations with Samos self-destructed. During their war, Egypt lost and Pythagoras was taken as a prisoner to Babylon. He wasntâ treated as a captive as we would think of it as today. Rather, he proceeded with his training in science and music and dove into the lessons of the clerics, learning their holy ceremonies. He turned out to be very capable in his investigations of arithmetic and sciences as instructed by the Babylonians. A Return Home Followed by Departure Pythagoras inevitably came back to Samos, at that point went to Crete to read their legitimate framework for a brief timeframe. In Samos, he established a school called the Semicircle. Inâ about 518 BCE, heâ founded another school in Croton (presently known as Crotone, in southern Italy). With Pythagoras at the head, Croton kept up an internal hover of supporters known as mathematikoi (clerics of arithmetic). These mathematikoi lived for all time inside the general public, were permitted no close to home belongings and were severe veggie lovers. They got preparing just from Pythagoras, following exacting rules. The next layer of the general public was known as the akousmatics. They lived in their own homes and just went to the general public during the day. The society contained the two men and women.â The Pythagoreans were a profoundly mysterious gathering, keeping their work out of open talk. Their inclinations lay in math and regular way of thinking, yet in addition in power and religion. He and his inward circle accepted that spirits moved after death into the groups of different creatures. They imagined that creatures could contain human spirits. Accordingly, they considered eating to be as cannibalism.â Commitments Most researchers realize that Pythagoras and his adherents didnt study science for indistinguishable reasons from individuals do today. For them, numbers had an otherworldly significance. Pythagoras instructed that everything is numbers and saw scientific connections in nature, craftsmanship, and music. There are various hypotheses credited to Pythagoras, or if nothing else to his general public, yet the most renowned one,â the Pythagorean hypothesis, may not be altogether his development. Evidently, the Babylonians had understood the connections between the sides of a correct triangle in excess of a thousand years before Pythagoras found out about it. Be that as it may, he invested a lot of energy chipping away at a proof of the theorem.â Other than his commitments to science, Pythagorass work was basic to cosmology. He felt the circle was the ideal shape. He likewise understood the circle of the Moon was slanted to Earths equator, and concluded that the night star (Venus) was equivalent to the morning star. His work impacted later space experts, for example, Ptolemy and Johannes Kepler (who defined the laws of planetary movement). Last Flightâ During the later long stretches of the general public, it clashed with supporters of vote based system. Pythagoras reprimanded the thought, which brought about assaults against his gathering. Around 508 BCE, Cylon, a Croton honorable assaulted the Pythagorean Society and pledged to decimate it. He and his devotees abused the gathering, and Pythagoras fled to Metapontum. A few records guarantee that he ended it all. Others state that Pythagoras came back to Croton a brief timeframe later since the general public was not cleared out and proceeded for certain years. Pythagoras may have inhabited least past 480 BCE, conceivably to age 100. There are clashing reports of the two his introduction to the world and passing dates. A few sources think he was conceived in 570 BCE and kicked the bucket in 490 BCE. Pythagoras Fast Facts Conceived: ~569 BCE on SamosDied: ~475 BCEParents: Mnesarchus (father), Pythias (mother)Education: Thales, AnaximanderKey Accomplishments:â first mathematician Sources Britannica: Pythagoras-Greek Philosopher and MathematicianUniversity of St. Matthews: Pythagoras BiographyWikipedia Altered via Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Primary Health Care Essay Example for Free

Essential Health Care Essay Essential medicinal services is fundamental human services dependent on functional, experimentally solid and socially worthy techniques and innovation made all around available to people and families in the network through their full investment and at a cost that the network and the nation can manage. It frames an indispensable piece of the country’s wellbeing arrangement of which it is the core, and of the general social and monetary improvement of the nation. It is the primary degree of contact of people, the family and the network with the national wellbeing framework bringing medicinal services as close as conceivable to where individuals live and work and establishes the main component of a proceeding with human services process (World Health Organization 1978: 3-4, 34). This is an extensive and complex definition, yet we will separate it into shorter pieces and talk about every one of them.

A Devoted Son free essay sample

Anita Desai’s story is about obligation and dedication. It draws an image of the life of a child. The child is raised by his dad, begins acquiring his vocation and afterward, obediently cares for his dad. Be that as it may, emergency creates as his dad, capricious because old enough, begins confusing his son’s treatment. The inquiry that the story gang is that to what extent should a child deal with his dad? What ought to be the degree of his loyalty and compliance? This is an issue of the cutting edge world brought about by the bustling life. It gets hard to take care of the impulses of the old individuals after a days’ difficult work. Be that as it may, should the obligation and the toleration end? Or on the other hand should an individual remain ever obedient? Should penances be made on our part or should we keep on acting naturally focused and move and move our own particular manner. The world has the two examples of both however which is increasingly worthy? Rakesh was a child destined to uneducated guardians. We will compose a custom paper test on A Devoted Son or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He was the first to get training in quite a while age and how well he used it. Residents felt pleased as Rakesh stood first however the desire factor didn’t stop to exist. His training took him to the United States of America however to everyone’s shock, he came back to his nation to wed an Indian evacuating all questions to wed an outsider. His dedication towards his folks was pleased when he wedded an uneducated young lady of their decision. The young lady too was amiable and they were before long honored with a child. Rakesh’s rise proceeded and he before long went to the highest point of the managerial association, purchased a vehicle and in this manner it was the start of his fortune. Be that as it may, he remembered his folks and he took them out in his fresh out of the plastic new vehicle. Rakesh was given as well as amiable. He complied with his folks, humored his better half, facilitated his companions, and furthermore, was an astounding specialist. In any case, Rakesh’s joyride was fleeting. His mom died which additionally guaranteed his father’s breakdown. Mature age found his dad and it was hard to recognize his bad tempered impulses and matters of essentialness. A birthday celebration for the most youthful child must be separated immediately, when they found that the elderly person was very nearly passing. The elderly person, anyway kept on living any longer from there on. Rakesh be that as it may, acknowledged his destiny and its’ bend. He brought his father’s morning tea, read the papers and visited his dad in the wake of coming back from the facility. All these couldn’t make the dad glad and the circumstance declined when Rakesh as a dad managed his eating routine. The management which incorporated the eliminating sleek, singed stuff, desserts and bug nut was viewed as a kind of discourtesy and mal-treatment by his dad. The issue was not kidding to such an extent that the elderly person even went to the degree of grumbling to his neighbors. Rakesh couldn’t help however be sterner. He as a specialist accepted that severity was better where his father’s wellbeing was concerned. The elderly person even attempted to pay off his fantastic youngsters which were met with solid censure from Rakesh. The dad child relationship started to go haywire. The elderly person started to despise his child and his girl in-law. The spouse of Rakesh avoided inconvenience thoughtfully and Rakesh, ready to feel each heartbeat, ignored nothing about his dad. He made steady and rehashed endeavors to make improvement in his father’s mental and physical wellbeing. His endeavors went futile. This is the powerful inquiry that we face to proceed or suspend administration of a child to his dad. This involves both culture and custom. Mature age is additionally called the subsequent adolescence. We are constantly delicate to a kid regardless of his wickedness and undue requests. Correspondingly, we should treat old individuals a similar way. We don’t dispose of kids since they upset us. In the event of elderly individuals, we become one-sided, as we have seen them savvy and developed before our own eyes. The dim cells become disfuntioning in mature age thus old individuals carry on in an immature manner. Just getting by can be a struggle and troublesome and we all have our a lot of issues. Be that as it may, the ascent above confinement will just improve us people. Tolerance and penance molded our trademark. We ought to comprehend our own development and knowledge are not lost and this would assist us with being kinder to them. Mature age is cyclic and we all would step into its point of view one day. The recognition of this reality can wake us up to the truth of this life. Rakesh, notwithstanding everything else got this, which made him stand separated or more from the rest.

Popular Marketing Techniques for Small Businesses

Popular Marketing Techniques for Small Businesses Marketing is defined as the process of allowing your business to get noticed by individuals who may need or want your products or services.Unfortunately, a lot of small business have a great business idea yet fail in marketing it well. Thus, in order to increase  market share and stay top-of-mind of your customers, think about the popular marketing techniques for your company.Each marketing technique allows you to communicate the advantages and features of your product to your target audience. This is important in creating good will or establishing brand equity with your customers. Case in point, Apple invested much money in making billboards, television commercials, and magazines that display their products in a manner that makes their consumers feel connected towards their products.At the end of it all, it does not matter if you are a small business or a multimillion-dollar corporation. You would not be able to run a successful business if you remove the important marketing techniq ues from your investment.However, prior to starting your marketing techniques, think of the ideal customer you would like to reach. As soon as you have your ideal customer, you would have many marketing techniques to choose from. You can use various techniques for varying stages of your business life or you could use them once your business opens. © Shutterstock.com | faithieIn this article, we will look at six of these important techniques in some detail. These techniques are often called the marketing mix. These are a set of techniques, tactics, or actions used to promote a company’s brand or product for its market, namely, product, price, promotion, place, people, and processes.POPULAR MARKETING TECHNIQUESAs previously mentioned, here are the six popular marketing techniques you have to concentrate on when you market your product or service. These are sometimes called the six “Ps.” ProductProduct is an item that is created or built in order to satisfy the needs or wants of a target market. This product could be tangible or intangible. Hence, if we talk about the product, this could be a good or a service.First and foremost, you have to guarantee that you have the appropriate product to offer your market. Thus, as you develop your product, perform the necessary extensive research for your product’s life cycle. This means that you focus on your product from its growth phase, to its maturity phase, down to its sales decline phase.This is significant for you to take note of because you may want to reinvent your products in order to increase its demand once they get to the critical sales decline phase. In focusing on the product, you also should consider the following in your marketing techniques: (1) labeling, (2) branding, and (3) quality.To help you come up with the right techniques for your small business, focus on the product and ask yourself the following questions:What do the customers want from the product or service?How will the customers use the product or service?Where will the customers use the product or service?What characteristics must the product or service have to meet the needs of the customers?Are there any required characteristics that you missed out on?Did you create characteristics that are not necessary for the customer?What is the name of the product or service?Is the name catchy?What are the colors or sizes available (if it is a product)?How is this product or service distinct from your competitors’?How does the product look?A  product should deliver a level of performance at the minimum. If you work on other aspects of the marketing mix yet are unable to deliver on the product, then you would be unsuccessful and ineffective in your business.PricePrice is the amount your customer is willing to pay for your product or service. This is a critical part of marketing because it establishing your business’s profit and survival.Establishing an appropriate price for your product or service will aid you in becoming competitive and profitable. Begin with incorporating your costs when you produce and deliver your product or service. Then, research your target customers and peg how much they would want to pay for your product or service.If a gap exists between how much you are spending and with how much your target customers are willing to pay, you have to consider a couple of things. Either you have to decrease your costs or concentrate on another market. Just remember that when you adjust the price, this would have a large effect on your full marketing strategy and your product’s or service’s sales and demand.There are a few things to remember, however, when you establish your marketing techniques.if you are a new business and do not have a name for yourself yet, it is highly unlikely that your target customers would want to pay a steep price for your product or service. Even though they may want to pay higher prices for your product or service in the future, it is usually difficult to get them to do so as you begin your business.pricing shapes how your customers view you. Keep in mind that if you have low pricing, it may mean that you have an inferior product or service as customers compare your product or service with your competitors’. On the flipside, if your price is too high, the costs might exceed the benefits of your p roduct from the viewpoint of the customers.Learn how to price your product for maximum profit by watching this video. As you set your price you must think of your product’s or service’s perceived value. There are three main pricing techniques you can use:Market penetration pricing is a technique wherein you price your product or service initially at a low level so you can quickly reach a big fraction of the target market and start word-of-mouth. This technique works upon the belief that consumers can switch to your new brand because of your lower pricing.Market skimming pricing is a technique wherein you price the highest price initially so that customers are willing to pay. Once the demand of the first group of customers has been satisfied, your company can decrease the price that can attract another segment that is more sensitive to the price.Market neutral pricing is when prices are set by the market, with your prices set at the prices of your competitors’. The main advanta ge of the market neutral pricing technique is that it can work through any period of your business cycle. The main disadvantage is that your business may not be maximizing your profits since you only base it on the market.Moreover, here are a few questions you must ask yourself as you develop your marketing technique in terms of pricing:What are the costs that you incur in producing the product or service?What is the customers’ perceived value of your product or service?Do you think that a little price decline could sufficiently improve your share of the market?Could the present price of your product or service keep it on par with the price of the competitors’ products?PromotionPromotion  covers the methods you would use to sell and advertise your products or services. It can increase your sales, not to mention your brand recognition. Methods of promotion could take the form of social media, websites, e-newsletters, blogs, flyers and brochures, networking, word of mouth, adverti sing, cold calls, reward and loyalty programs, sponsorships, letter drops and mail-outs, and public relations activities like events and press releases.Promotion could be comprised of different variables like advertising, public relations, sales organization, and sales promotion. Advertising refers to the ways of communication that are being paid for, such as radio commercials, television ads, internet advertisements, and print media. More recently, there has been a movement from offline to online promotions. On the other hand, public relations focus on the ways of communication that is unpaid. This consists of exhibitions, press releases, seminars, sponsorship deals, events, and conferences.So you can start creating an effectual product/service promotion technique, you must go through the following questions first:How would you be able to send your marketing message to your probable customers?When do you think is the best time to promote your product or service?Would you be able to reach your probable customers through television advertisements?Should you use social media to promote your product or service?What are your competitors’ promotion techniques?Definitely, the mix of your promotional techniques and how you go about them rely on your budget, the message you want to convey, and your target market.PlacePlace as a focus of your marketing techniques answers  how your consumers would be able to buy your product or service. As a whole, this is your point of sale. Your product or service must be accessed by your potential customers. You have to make sure to catch the eye of your potential customers, making it easy for them to access your product or service.There are a few distribution channels you should consider, such as direct retail to the public via an outlet or a store; selling products through wholesalers; online retailing; and using consultants, distributors, or agents in selling your products.As you decide on the place, you must keep in mind your l ogistics and target market so as to bring to the people your products or services. You have to deeply understand your target market so you can efficiently position your product or service and distribute them. There are a number of distribution techniques you should consider, like exclusive distribution, franchising, intensive distribution, and selective distribution.As you create and develop your marketing technique for your place, consider the following questions first:Where do your customers search for your product or service?What sorts of stores do your probable customers go to? Do they shop in standalone stores, in a mall, online, or the supermarket?How can you get access to various distribution channels?How different is your distribution technique from your competitors?Would you need a good sales force?Would you need to go to trade fairs?Would you need to sell online?Whatever the case may be, keep in mind that in establishing your approach towards place, you may have to pay a p remium to get the right place. Actually, always remember the overused saying, “location, location, location.” PeopleKeep in mind there are two groups of people you have to consider.First are your potential customers. You should know that there should be a sufficient number of people in your market that would demand your product or service.Second are the people needed to bring your product or service to your market. You would have to deal with distributors, suppliers, wholesalers, employees, and stakeholders. You have to make sure that they comprehend the significance of offering quality products or services to your customers. This second set of people is significant in your marketing because they deliver your product or service. When you find the right people who believe in your product or service, it is most probable that the employees would perform their best. Moreover, they will be more open towards honest critique on your business and give their original thoughts and passion s that can increase your business.It is important to consider people in your marketing techniques because this can be a competitive advantage to your business.ProcessesProcesses refer to the procedures you have to go through to support your marketing objectives. This is important because they affect how your service is being provided.More importantly, a process that is well tailored can decrease your costs. These could be the processes of when you order new inventory, when you guarantee that your product or service is timely delivered, when you offer opportunities for your consumers to give their feedback, and when you always review your financial and sales reports.The good thing about monitoring your  processes is that you can tweak and enhance them as you go along as you seek to maximize profits and minimize costs.FINAL CONSIDERATIONSAll these considerations for marketing techniques combine product, price, promotion, place, people, and processes. In addition, they also impact one another. They compose the marketing techniques needed for a company to achieve business success.However, if you handle this mix incorrectly, it can take your business many years to achieve recovery. You need to understand this marketing mix well, through research and consultation among many people.

How to write a business essay - Free Essay Example

HOW TO WRITE A BUSINESS ESSAY Introduction Business Essays cover a variety of subjects. You could be asked to provide Essays on areas as diverse as finance, marketing, corporate ethics, leadership, human resources, production, product development and a wide range of other topics. Essays also take many forms. Your tutor, examiner, university entrance assessor, boss or whoever sets the Brief (the Client) could ask you to illustrate, discuss, analyse, critique, interpret, review, or explain the subject matter. The Client will be using the Essay to assess and evaluate your business knowledge and understanding. How effectively you assimilate the Brief, research the issues and ultimately provide an Essay of insight and originality will reflect on this judgement. This guide covers the steps for preparing a Business Essay for your Client. It is a general framework and may not cover every element for a specific piece of work. Some steps could be more important than others dependant on your interpretation of the Brief and the Clients requirements. Plan and Prepare This is the most critical step in the process. A clear understanding of the subject matter, the key elements of the Brief and the Clients requirements is essential for preparing a final product worthy of your expertise. These fi rst steps should be revisited regularly throughout the preparation of the Essay. Understand the Brief Identify what the Client is looking for. Try and get into the Clients mind to understand the critical issues. If you are unsure about any part of the Brief, ask for guidance. Clearly define the required outcomes. A short statement of objectives will help you concentrate on the main issues. Define the key elements and essential points the Essay will cover. Review any course notes or projects the Client has identified as relevant for this assignment. Plan an outline for the Essay structure with bullet point notes Think about the Introduction carefully. Note what should be covered. Outline the body of the report with sections for each major issue. Decide which topics and arguments require further research. Note the key points to be covered in the Summary/Observations with the focus on outcomes and objectives. Decide if any Conclusions are required. Develop timelines for each stage to achieve the submission deadline. Conduct the research Plan the research carefully. Read around the subject; develop the arguments and list the issues and facts to be included. Define those facts which are common knowledge and decide on the ideas or opinions that need to be appropriately referenced. Search for relevant, credible sources from professionals, scholars and academics. Don’t use popular websites or unattributed articles. Look for research or reports of current corporate issues for topicality and relevance. Use live interviews where possible. Use current material with the latest editions and revisions. A Brief with an historical context will require references from the relevant period. Clearly and correctly quote and attribute views and ideas that are not your own. Don’t plagiarise Organise, collate and note your sources for future reference and bibliography. Marshal and Analyse the Facts and Arguments Now is the time to develop the Essay in detail. Revisit and revise the sections in the original outline. Develop the topics for the body of the Essay and write the detailed draft, section by section. Develop the structure and main body of the Essay Decide the important arguments and opinions for inclusion in the body of the Essay. Identify any relevant examples from your own personal business experience for inclusion if pertinent. Prepare sections and paragraphs with a logical flow. Develop appropriate transitions from paragraph to paragraph and section to section. Write the detailed content in draft Strive for originality in approach and content. Marshall the facts to develop structured, logical, cogent observations and arguments. Make objective assessments based on verifiable, factual information. Include the use of diagrams, tables and graphics if it helps interpretation and understanding. Use short, simple sentences for clarity of expression. Acronyms should be in brackets initially, e.g. European Central Bank (ECB). Develop the Summary, Observations and/or Conclusion. Write the Introduction covering the required outcomes, critical issues addressed, key facts and arguments with a short summary of the observations and/or conclusions. Exclude subjectivity, hubris or emotive language. Avoid buzz-words and overly technical language. Revise, Edit and Submit If time allows take a break before this step of the process. Revision requires concentration and a fresh mind. You will want to ensure facts, content and sources are logically presented and referenced. This is also the stage where grammar and style are checked for accuracy and consistency and the layout and appearance of the Essay is determined. Finalise and submit your Essay and look for feedback from the Client to help you improve. Check for logical flow and accuracy of content Check for clarity, originality and transitional flow of sections and paragraphs. Reread the Introduction and Summary/Observations/Conclusions to ensure logic is maintained. Make sure the outcomes are clear and concisely stated. Rewrite and revise paragraphs and sections as required. Grammatical accuracy Check the correct use of grammar, spelling and punctuation. Check for syntax errors such as mixed tenses, passive voice, etc. Layout and style Check the format meets the Client’s instructions or customary style. Finalise title page, contents page and section or chapter headings. Format references and bibliography using the prescribed style, Harvard, Oxford APA etc Finalise layout and presentation with wide margins for reader’s notes and comments. Final proof reading Review the Essay with the Client’s eyes and revise as necessary. Ask for constructive comments from knowledgeable friends or colleagues. Finalise and submit Change from draft to final form. Submit the Essay as instructed. Seek out constructive comments/criticism from Client. Compare your Essay with any models provided. Identify areas for improvement and note for future reference. 1 ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE BRIEF 214116

Adventure English Essay - 763 Words

â€Å"Adventure English: Experiences with Face-Saving† Case study: week 2 writing assignment Part 1. How did Jackie Wong establish a relationship with Cory Wright and the Adventure English company? How does this relate to the notion of face? Principal Jenny Chan that knew Jackie Wong had recommended the Adventure English Company to Jackie Wong. She had guided a school from their region to the Adventure English Company. She said their children were very happy. And that they made a very safe and valuable trip for them. This relates to the notion of face through the recommendation of Jenny Chan that was happy and that the children were happy. It was of truth that she had experienced already. How do you think†¦show more content†¦Phillips gave to the students first as to the Taiwan group gave gifts to highest of position first to the lowest. Superintendent Li may have felt a loss of face, because Phillips had embarrassed him in front of everyone. And the force of having to open the gift of right there, right now it was not in their custom. Part 3. Do you think Jackie Wong’s apology was based on a feeling that Jackie had done something wrong? Why? How do you think Robin Phillips interpreted the apology? Why? No I don’t think that Jackie Wong’s apology was based on a feeling that he had done something wrong. It is due to the lost of face he was trying to avoid confrontation with Robin Phillips so he was being apologetic. Robin Phillips interpreted the apology as if there was a problem that needed to be dealt with. He wanted the group to have their needs met. Why didn’t Superintendent Li voice her concerns when Robin Phillips approached her? Superintendent Li may not have voiced her concerns when Robin Phillips approached her. Because in this culture they try to avoid any confrontation. I also feel that Robin Phillips was to up front and forward. This had caused Superintendent to lose face with Phillips. Epilogue: Part 4. Why do you think Jackie Wong and Superintendent Li would not return phone calls or other communications? They were not returning phone calls or other communications do to Jackie and Li had lost-face with Robin Phillips do to theShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Summaries Honors English 13451 Words   |  14 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Summaries Honors English 1 Ansh Patel Chapter 1 The book begins with the Huck Finn stating that he was a character in a different book â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer†. Huck says that the author Mark Twain mostly told the truth in that book, but also threw a couple stretchers in there. He talks about how he and Tom found 6,000 dollars each from inside of a cave. Their earnings were taken by the local judge, Judge Thatcher, and put into a bank account. 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A Review of Think Through Math

Think Through Math (TTM) is an interactive online mathematics program designed for students in grades 3-Algebra I. It was created in its current form in 2012 and was a spin-off of the popular Apangea Math program. The program provides users with both direct instruction and remediation. Think Through Math was developed to prepare students for the Common Core State Standards and the rigorous assessments associated with the standards.   Students are enrolled in a unique pathway based on their grade level. Students are also given an adaptive assessment that prescribes precursor activities designed to build skills needed to achieve grade-level proficiency. These activities are added to the pathway. Each lesson in a pathway is divided into six unique skill-building components including a pre-quiz, warm up, focus, guided learning, practice, and a post-quiz. Students who demonstrate proficiency on the pre-quiz for a particular subtopic are able to move ahead. Think Through Math is a revolutionary program for student learning. It combines a unique blend of adaptive assessment, skill building, student motivation, and individualized live instruction. The entire program is geared to enhance classroom learning by filling gaps that a particular student may have and prepares them to meet the rigor of the Common Core State Standards. Key Components Think Through Math makes it simple to add a single student or a whole class by uploading a data template. It has terrific reporting that makes it easy to monitor individual student or whole class progress. It also has a terrific and easy to use interface making it easy for teachers and students to monitor usage, check performance, compare accomplishments, and check goals. Think Through Math allows and encourages students to access the program at home after school and on weekends to maximize the impact of the program. Think Through Math allows teachers to send messages to directly to individual students through the messaging system. Students are only able to receive these messages. They cannot send or respond. Instructional With Diagnostic Components Think Through Math provides both direct instruction and intensive remediation within the same program. It places each student in a â€Å"pathway† containing skills needed to be successful at a particular grade level. It also provides students with an initial adaptive assessment which assigns precursor activities designed to remediate the skills needed to do the required grade level work. Think Through Math continuously monitors and adapts to the individual, adding new material, based on performance throughout the program. Think Through Math Is Motivational Think Through Math allows users to create and personalize their own unique avatar. It provides continuous contests across multiple categories for terrific prizes such as an iPod touch, gift cards, etc. It also allows teachers to set classroom goals for a pizza party or ice cream party. Students can then donate their points towards that goal, and when the class reaches the goal, the teacher will receive a gift card to help purchase the goodies for the party. Think Through Math allows students to donate their points to charity. $10,000 points $1.00. Charities that they can donate to include St. Jude’s Children Hospital, World Wildlife Fund, Make-A-Wish Foundation, The Boys and Girls Club of America, The Wounded Warrior Project, Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, PACER’s National Bullying Prevention Center, and American Red Cross. The program provides users with incentives and rewards. Each time they complete an activity, they earn points. They can use their points to purchase new features for their avatar, donate points to a charity, or they can give points towards a goal their class is trying to achieve as discussed previously. Think Through Math provides users with badges for achieving goals or reaching for milestones within the program. There are four levels of badges including bronze (easiest), silver, gold, and diamond (hardest). Students can see both the badges they have earned and those they have not earned. They can then work towards earning badges they do not have. Think Through Math provides students will printable certificates each time they pass an individual topic. Think Through Math Is Comprehensive Think Through Math is Common Core aligned in content, process, and assessment that encourages critical thinking and problem-solving development. It provides students with access to a calculator, critical math formulas, and key mathematics vocabulary terms at any time within the program. Think Through Math has an audio tool available in both English and Spanish that allows questions and answer choices to be read to struggling readers or English Language Learners. Think Through Math gives students the opportunity to demonstrate mastery by taking a pre-quiz over a particular topic. A pre-quiz consists of eight questions. A student who demonstrates mastery on the pre-quiz will immediately move on to the next lesson. It provides students with a three question â€Å"Warm Up† activity designed to activate prior knowledge by reviewing the math skills you have already mastered, but that is essential to the new skill you will be learning. The program provides you with step by step illustrations and explanations for solving each problem no matter whether you get them correct or incorrect. Think Through Math provides students with a three question â€Å"Guided Learning† activity allowing you to work through the new math. It also provides students with multiple help features within the â€Å"Guided Learning† activity. This occurs through a learning coach. To receive help simply click on the learning coach at any time. If you have not answered the question, an explanation of the concept with visuals will pop up to help you. If you answer the questions incorrectly, an explanation of the concept will pop up. If you still do not understand, you may again click on your learning coach. A box will pop up asking you if you want to work with a teacher. Click â€Å"teacher† and you are able to connect to a live certified math teacher that will walk you through the process and answer any questions you have. If you have audio and a microphone, you can have a direct conversation with them. If you do not, then you can communicate with each other in a text chat. Think Through Math provides students with a ten question â€Å"Independent Practice† activity allowing them to practice what they learned and to use the feedback to understand the concept further. Think Through Math provides the student with an eight-question â€Å"Post-Quiz† activity allowing them to demonstrate their understanding of the new concept. Students are only given one attempt per question. If they fail, they will have to retake or remediate the concept. Key Reports An overview report allows you to monitor how many lessons each student has attempted and passed and gives you pass rate percentages for both target and precursor lessons, while a student detail report provides you with a detailed progress report for each individual student. An individual pathway report provides you with a detailed overview of the progress that an individual student is making on their individual pathway, while the standards report allows you to monitor student progress based on individual state standards or the Common Core State Standards. Cost Think Through Math does not publish their overall cost for the program. However, each subscription is sold as an annual subscription cost per seat. There are several other factors that will determine the final cost of the programming including the length of the subscription and how many seats you will be purchasing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research Think Through Math is a research-based program. Its development spans over two decades. It is grounded on the foundation of helping students analyze and solve word problems effectively. This is done through the principles of active problem solving, explicit instruction, gradual release, elaboration theory, categorization of a prototype, mastery learning, a zone of proximal development, assessment and differentiation, and worked examples. In addition, Think Through Math has been the focus of several critical field studies involving more than 30,000 students across seven different states.

Helicobacter Pylori Molecular Mimicry between Pathogen and Host Free Essay Example, 3750 words

Until 1991, medical microbiologists had been teaching that the stomach environment was too harsh to support microbes. This changed following the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, which opened an exciting new chapter in our understanding of bacterial life (Rabeneck and Ranshoff, 1991). Helicobacter pylorus not only grows and thrives in the stomach, but it may also be responsible for 90% of gastric and duodenal ulcers, though most infections are asymptomatic. Helicobacter pylori produce large amounts of urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Bacteria survive the stomach environment by being surrounded by ammonia molecules, which neutralize stomach acids. Many bacteria invade the mucin layer, but only H. pylori have the adhesins that bind to mucosal cells. These adhesins include Lewis blood group O antigens, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, sialic acid, and laminin. H. pylori also produce cytotoxins that cause the symptoms of peptic ulcers. The cytotoxins produce vacuol es within the mucosal cells lining the stomach and small intestine. When the injected mucosal cells die, gastric acids and digestive enzymes cause the formation of ulcers. H. pylori isolated from patients with peptic ulcer disease and with gastric cancer contained a 38-kb fragment of DNA that was not present in asymptomatic carriers. We will write a custom essay sample on Helicobacter Pylori: Molecular Mimicry between Pathogen and Host or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Reid Animal Farm Communism By Me, Carson Kiefer, Grant...

Reid: Animal Farm Communism by me,Carson Kiefer, Grant Mcnatt,Mason Friant and Jourdin Edwards Jourdin: Our main questions and topics of this presentation were how communism is supposed to work? How did it actually play out when the Soviet Union adopted it? Did any other countries adopt communism? How has it worked for them? But, before we can get into all the deep questions,controversies and bias we first have to know some background information on communism, how it was formed and just some important points.First you should know where it all started. The original â€Å"father† of communism was Karl Marx and he came up with a theory to get rid of social,and financial classes and for everyone to be equal in practically every single way. This†¦show more content†¦And lastly would be the achievement of utopia. This phase has never been completed because in order for it to happen ALL other forms of government in the world must be abolished prior to achieving the utopia for everyone to be truly equal. Carson: Marx’s system was for the government to create high income taxes and takes property until the state/country owns everything and the people own nothing making them â€Å"equal†. His system also had several principles including the government having complete control over education,labor, and communication vehicles(i.e.the media), the government has ownership of transportation,agricultural means and factories. Nobody has ownership of private property, no rights to their inheritance, there’s a heavy income tax on everyone. Basically the government owns everything and the people own nothing. Grant:What actually happened when Russia adopted communism was far from the idea of Karl Marx.After Russia had overturned the Tsarist rule and established a communist country they were actually doing pretty good for a while,the system was working fine,the people were happy and everyone was â€Å"equal†.After a Vladimir Lenin(head of government) got out of office a man named Joseph Stalin came into office. This is where it all went wrong. Stalin changed the leadership, and rules in the government and became a dictator. Millions of citizens died during his reign, although he turned the peasant society of the Soviet Union

HRD Different Perspectives, Aims, and Objectives Free Essays

Different paradigms present different perspectives of HARD (Human Resource Development) in terms of its aims and objectives. Consequently, it important to understand the different paradigms since each paradigm will have different approaches while solving HARD related problems. Experts advise that individuals build their personal beliefs regarding which paradigm suits his or her practice. We will write a custom essay sample on HRD: Different Perspectives, Aims, and Objectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now In our context, It is best to divide HARD into two different paradigms, the performance, and the learning paradigm since they are definite. Moreover, the learning paradigm and the performance paradigm overlook most of the HARD practice as well as the thinking. The learning paradigm Is especially predominant In HARD practice In the United States of America. The learning paradigm and the performance paradigm are very dissimilar in many aspects. For instance, as the learning paradigm focuses on individual learning the performance paradigm focuses on the individual performance improvement. Learning paradigm of HARD is the field of study and practices that nature a long- term work-related learning capacity in an organization at all levels I. . Individual, organizational, and group levels. The performance paradigm of HARD is the art of realizing units of mission-related outputs. In addition, performance can be an organized system meant to accomplish a purpose or a mission. Though the two paradigms are diverse, they both agree on some aspects, for Instance they both agree that Improvement of organizations Is through human expertise. Different experts and philosophers hold different perspectives on the performance aspect. Performance can be as a natural outcome of humans’ actively, reference is an important input in economic activities, or performance can also be a tool of oppression. There are different views held regarding then learning paradigm. Learning is a humanistic Endeavor, as it enhances the potential of human beings. Learning can also end up being an oppressive tool, for instance in the context of communism where learning is used to control the society. Learning is an instrument for the transmission of information needed by individuals. Nevertheless, it would be ignorant to draw that the two paradigms cannot converge since HARD operates best under Integration of the two. Chapter 8 Primary, the chapter Is about the theories on performance. Performance theory varies In comparison to the learning theory since It concentrates on teams, processes, organizational systems, and Individuals. Organizational effectiveness Is the mall precursor to performance and can be in different models. It can be a goal model, constituencies model. HARD is not the only discipline interested in performance and consequently analyzing HARD is normally on a basis on the different perspectives of performances. There are other different perspectives such as performance is a ultrasonically phenomenon. Performance models are of wide ranges of disciplines such as sociology, ethics, quality, psychology, and etcetera. Individual level performance models were because of HARD since; HARD has its foundation on individual learning. The models are the human performance technology and they try to define the common individual performance and the factors influencing individual performance. The financial performance entails the financial benefits of the HARD programs. Different factors influence the HARD profession such as the value-laden myths. Some of the myths are that the cost of HARD is high, it is impossible to quantify the benefits of HARD or that giving organizations the HARD they want is appropriate. Breaches enterprise model and Rumbles model provide integrated framework to achieve competitive advantage. Other common representative models are the John Campbell taxonomy and Thomas Gilbert’s human performance engineering model. The integration of the performance models bring about new perspectives to HARD research, practice, and thinking. Chapter 9 This chapter focuses on the different perspectives of learning and the different preventative theories on learning in HARD. Learning is at the core of HARD and all debates ever carried out suggest that HARD embrace learning. The basic theories are six and include humanism, constructivism, holistic learning, social learning, behaviorism, and cognitive. These theories can apply in all the learning settings as well as for all age groups. Learning models can be at individual levels and at organizational levels. In the recent past, androgyny has been a theory of adult learning, a set of assumptions regarding adult learners, and a method of adult education. At individual levels is the androgyny that is a principal adult learning in HARD. On an adult learning perspective, it is a genuine trial to focus on the adult learner. Ontological model avails core standards of important and key hypotheses on adult learners. Another king of learning that is increasingly gaining attention is the transformational learning. This kind of learning is deep and requires the learner to challenge the fundamental assumptions and the mental schema they hold regarding the world. In relation to mental schema are restructuring, accretion, and tuning here accretion and tuning entails no change or incremental changes in an individual’s schemata and restructuring involves creating a new schema. Organizational learning is learning that occurs at system level and not at individual levels. The main feature differentiating individual and organizational learning is that individual learning makes their mental models precise. HARD develops the knowledge for organizations to be competitive in the economy. Swanson. A, Hilton. F, Hilton, E. Foundations of Human Resource Development. London: Barrett-Koehler Publishers, 2001. How to cite HRD: Different Perspectives, Aims, and Objectives, Papers

Sustainability Governance Characteristics Method †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Governance Characteristics Method. Answer: Evaluating and identifying the threats haunting auditor independence: There are certain threats to auditing independence, which is why audit evaluation follows Generally Accepted Auditing Standards. Auditor independence meaning states that freedom of conducting ethical auditing without any interference fromexternal or internal parties. Arens, Elder and Beasley (2014) stated that auditors during 2008 crisis were forced to comply with the unethical ways of an organisation. Moreover, audit independence is an essential feature, which is enjoyed by auditors while conducting an evaluation on the company. This mainly allows the auditor to portray an unbiased opinion of the companys current financial status. On the other hand, Arens et al. (2015) argue that auditors audit report is influenced by unethical monetary gains provided by the company. There are certain services both Audit and non-audit are conducted, which are provided by auditors to their customers. These non-audit services could be identified as major source of economic promotional services and tax related services. Moreover, non-audit services mainly raise chance of auditors to increase their income from the same client. Birkey et al. (2016) stated that due to the non-audit services provided auditors mainly hamper audit independence hampered which increases the chance of unethical activities between the auditor and the organisation. On the other hand, Byrnes et al. (2015) argued that audit quality is often dealt with precision, as auditors tend to portray wrong valuation of company due to lucrative offers provided by the organisation. One of the major threats is Advocacy is identified, which could hamper independence of auditors in conducting the audit report. In the current situation, advocacy is mainly identified, as the major threat to auditor independence. The advocacy threat mainly refers to quality of audit, which is been provided by the auditor for certain organisation. The stakeholders do not trust the audit report and think this been compromised, which depicts the advocacy threat. Auditor is rendering advocacy services to organisation mainly compromises with auditors independence deduce actual financial condition of an organisation. Second situation: The second situation mainly states that Audit Independence is highly threatened if the auditor takes non-monetary and monetary benefits from the organisation, which is being audited. Cohen and Simnett (2014) stated that use of non-monetary benefits allows companies to influence the auditors and in turn shape the audit report according to the needs. According to the audit rules, auditors could not take any other benefits other than that mentioned in the audit agreement. In the current situation, there is a holiday package route, which is being presented to the auditing firm members. Acceptance of the non-monetary benefit could eventually affect the overall auditor independence, which could be stated as an unethical approach of the organisation. As depicted in the second situation the audit firm should stop receiving non-monetary gains from the organisation to reduce threat of audit independence. Furthermore, improving the Audit Independence Organisations is not allowed to use auditors who are related to the companies personally. The accommodation of relative in the audit report might increase the influence of the organisation on audit independence. According to the Australian audit law, auditors related to organisations, employees or owner is not allowed to conduct the audit report. This prevention is only implemented to reduce unethical audit procedures and improve viability of the audit report. The current situation states that father of the accountant auditor is a financial control of the business and if Michael accepts the offer for being a part of audit report then it might and hamper independence of the auditor (DeFond and Zhang 2014). This could nullify the audit report and increase doubt regarding the activities of the organisation. For protecting the audit, Independence auditors are mainly barred from associating with organisations employees, and directors. This restriction is mainly imposed to reduce the unethical influence, which might be posted on auditor and hamper the audit report. Auditors are mainly barred from contacting with organisations employees as they could develop a sympathetic side, which might hamper audit independence. This sympathy might directly affect auditors report and reduce its viability while increasing doubt among stakeholders.Duncan and Whittington (2014) stated that auditors are responsible for delivering the adequate valuation of the company and is the expected to provide the report without any emotional, unethical and influence. In this situation, the auditor has many offer services to the company in context to tax calculation and accounting transactions. This could lead to self-audit evaluation of the auditor, which is an unethical activity conducted by the auditor. Depicting any kind of protection for the above method threats: Changing the audit partner good mainly help in reducing the over familiarity threat and by any chance of manipulation in audit independence. Changing audit partner could not influence the effectiveness of the audit quality both historical and new data will be provided to the new audit partner. This could help in improving the audit quality and reducing any chance of unethical activities (Eilifsen et al. 2013). The main motive for the audit committee will only be to ensure transparency assurance in the audit report, which could only be attend if the audit Independence is not hampered. Thus, the audit committees main motive will be to ensure availability of relative information and reduction of unethical measures. The international auditing and ethical standards could be employed in the organisation for reducing the complexity and improving the audit procedures. This could eventually help in enhancing the audit report and reduced any unethical activities hampering audit independence (Hayes, Wallage and Gortemaker 2014). The independence of auditors could be monitored and checked whether any political or professional influence is been implemented on the auditor's. This evaluation could mainly help in providing the relevant transparency to the audit report and help in confining the confidential data of the organisation. Moreover, auditor needs to follow ethical standards while conducting the audit report, which is depicted in the code of ethics. This auditing standards many allow the auditor tomake adequate judgements during the audit procedure and reduce any kind of unethical activities in the organisation. The code of conduct mainly states the minimum measures, which must be taken by the auditor while conducting the audit report (Junior, Best and Cotter 2014). The use of above mentioned ethical standards and measures could mainly allow the auditor to reduce any influence on independent auditing. This reduction in influencing the independent auditing could eventually help the auditor to portray the adequate financial condition to stakeholders of the company. Depicting the overall risk of spare part inventory: There is relevant organisation who considers management factors to help take adequate steps in reducing the risk factor hindering the progress of the organisation. Some of the major risk, which could be identified for the organisation, is commercial risk, health and safety risk, and reputation risk. The violations of these could lead to declining in revenues and reduced its profitability. Louwers et al. (2013) stated that use of adequate risk evaluation techniques could help organisation to develop a strategic plan for confrontingthe future risk. On the other hand,Marques, Santo and Santos (2013) argued that without adequate research and valuation strategic plan could backfire and increase the damages, which could have beendealt by the risk. There are certain operational risks also with the spare parts inventory system, which might hamper the overall capability of the company to support its production activities. Thus, for reducing the operational risk companies are needed to implement policies for stocking the current inventory system. The organisation is mainly responsible for managing the overall operational risk my assuring adequate implementation of approaches, which could manage inventory in an adequate way.Ojala et al. (2016) stated that reduction in operational risk mainly allows organisation to improve their productivity and fulfil demands of their customers. On the other hand, Peter and Romi (2014) argued that lack in adequate inventory control could increase expenses of the company and in turn reduce the projected profits and block essential capital. Strategic risk could be considered as one of the risk, which accommodates inventory management of spare parts.Inventory management ofspare parts is one of the major risks, which is faced by an organisation. Increment in spare parts could lead to blockage of capital, and reduction in Inventory of spare parts could delay or halt production activity. Thus, it is necessary for the organisation to use an effective financial management activity for spare part inventory. Businesses mainly need to focus on both finance and stocks for reducing the risk level, which might increase the chance of loss. Srivastava, Rao and Mock (2013) stated that large quantity purchases could mainly increase chance of capital blockage, which could lead to reduction in production. Therefore, if a company is not able to comply with large stock purchase and extended downtime, it could use an effective inventory system, which replenishes stock according to the use of the organisation. On the other hand, Schmidt, Woo d and Grabski (2016) argued thatnot only spare part inventory system, the whole inventory method need to be revaluated to increase efficiency and minimise capital blockage of the organisation. According to the scenario, it is essential for the company to find an effective strategy, which might help in managing the spare parts effectively and reduce the risk associated with inventory system. Identifying the audit risk and its impact on account balance: There is relevant audit risk and it has an impact on a account balance, which could reduce viability of the audit report. In the current selection, inherent risk is many identified as the risk, which is affecting the financial report. Inherent risk is mainly considered an error omission in the financial report. So the more complexity of the transactions mainly increases the chance of inherent risk, which might hamper liability of the audit report and negatively affect companies reputation. This type of risk mainly has an effect on inventory balance and accounts receivable. In addition, the inherent risk also affects certain transactions and accounts where actual transaction loss or profit could not be detected. William, Glover and Prawitt (2016) mainly stated that inherent risk effectively reduces by implementing different auditing procedures. However, the occurrence of inheritance risk mainly increases the chance of manipulation, which might be conducted within the organisation. There are certain risks, which could be related to operations and are termed as detection risk. This type of detection risk is mainly conducted when auditor is unable to identify or detect a material misstatement associated with the organisation. This type of risk mainly appears when auditors fail in implementing relevant processes in the audit procedure. The state of detection is mainly considered to be beyond the capability of an accountant and thus it might influence balance of accounts. Thus, it could be considered that accounts are prone to greater risk if adequate detection risk is not reduced. There are three different types of accounts, which portray higher risk to revenue account, sales account and inventory account. Within these accounts does a chance of detection risk, which could hamper viability of the audit report. Wong and Millington (2014) stated operational risk only be reduced if auditors are able to back calculate all the relevant activities and detect the material misstatement. Reference: Arens, A., Elder, R. and Beasley, M., 2014. Auditing and assurance services-An integrated approach; includes coverage of international standards and global auditing issues, in addition to coverage of.Boston: Aufl. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Jones, J., 2015.Auditing: The Art and Science of Assurance Engagements. Pearson Canada. Birkey, R.N., Michelon, G., Patten, D.M. and Sankara, J., 2016, September. Does assurance on CSR reporting enhance environmental reputation? An examination in the US context. In Accounting Forum (Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 143-152). Elsevier. Byrnes, P.E., Al-Awadhi, C.A., Gullvist, B., Brown-Liburd, H., Teeter, C.R., Warren Jr, J.D. and Vasarhelyi, M., 2015. Evolution of Auditing: From the Traditional Approach to the Future Audit.Audit Analytics, p.71. Cohen, J.R. and Simnett, R., 2014. CSR and assurance services: A research agenda.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.59-74. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research. Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.275-326. Duncan, B. and Whittington, M., 2014, September. Compliance with standards, assurance and audit: does this equal security?. InProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks(p. 77). ACM. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.1-11. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Marques, R.P., Santos, H. and Santos, C., 2013. A conceptual model for evaluating systems with continuous assurance services.Procedia Technology,9, pp.304-309. Ojala, H., Collis, J., Kinnunen, J., Niemi, L. and Troberg, P., 2016. The Demand for Voluntary Audit in Micro?Companies: Evidence from Finland.International Journal of Auditing,20(3), pp.267-277. Peters, G.F. and Romi, A.M., 2014. The association between sustainability governance characteristics and the assurance of corporate sustainability reports.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.163-198. Schmidt, P.J., Wood, J.T. and Grabski, S.V., 2016. Business in the Cloud: Research Questions on Governance, Audit, and Assurance.Journal of Information Systems,30(3), pp.173-189. Srivastava, R.P., Rao, S.S. and Mock, T.J., 2013. Planning and evaluation of assurance services for sustainability reporting: An evidential reasoning approach.Journal of Information Systems,27(2), pp.107-126. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Wong, R. and Millington, A., 2014. Corporate social disclosures: a user perspective on assurance. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(5), pp.863-887.

PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION THEORY (742 words) Essay Example For Students

PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION THEORY (742 words) Essay PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION THEORYTraditional sociological analyses tie secondary socialization sources to behavior, usually using linkage through stress. Situations, personal traits, etc. lead to stress, and drugs relieve them. According to Oetting and Donnermeyer, these secondary socialization sources operate only via their effects on primary socializations sources. Unless a personality trait, a community characteristic, stress, or any other factor influences bonding with the primary socialization sources or alters the communication of norms through those sources, the theory proposes that there will be little or no effect on deviant behaviors. (Oetting and Donnermeyer, 1998)Thus far (there is to be a series of three articles, only one of which has been published) the major analysis has been of adolescents. Three primary sources of socialization are proposed: family, school and peer groups. While any of these groups are capable of transmitting both prosocial and deviant norms, family and school are seen as being primarily prosocial and peer groups carrying the main risk of trasmitting deviant norms. Family socialization contains two components which impact an adolescents risk for deviance: the strength of the family bond, and the use of those bonds to transmit prosocial norms. Dysfunctional families may either alienate their children and/or provide deviant normative information to them. The family bond of concern in these cases is not just a matter of support of love. It is more specifically limited to the level to which an individual is willing to accept and adopt values and norms from the family, and thus to behave accordingly. Society currently assigns schools the responsibility of transmitting certain cultural and behavioral norms. In the same way that there are dysfunctional families, there are also dysfunctional schools which have parallel weaknesses. The typical image of a dysfunctional school, of the resignation to chaos and deviance is only one type. Even in the best schools, there will be alienated peer groups. Poor grades, disciplinary problems etc. tend to erode the bond between an adolescent and school, and thus erode the ability of the school to transmit prosocial norms. These students are forced outside the circle in which other peers may be receiving normative socialization. Studies of these disaffected groups have shown that students experiencing alienation, lack of success within the school framework, and other problems with deriving rewards from school have a greater tendency toward drug use and deviancy in general. Peer groups form the last primary socialization group, and have the greatest impact on those alienated from the first two groups. These groups may be formed on the basis of, among other things, ethnicity or activity including drug use. An individuals choice of peer group has been shown to correlate with their risk of drug use/abuse (Oetting and Donnermeyer, 1998). Primary socialization theory thus provides a powerful tool in analyzing the sources of risk for subtance abuse. It integrates many other theories, and thus its applicability is extremely wide. In terms of policy implications, it points to the importance of maintaining social ties between family, school and adolescents. Moreover, it can reveal certain alienating aspects of punishment as counterproductive in the schools role as transmitter of prosocial norms. Finally, it suggests that a certain emphasis in creating social bonding among recovering addicts is uniquely important in successfully treating addiction. As an overall theme, there are two components to all of these instances. First, there must be a strong social bond of a very unique sort. It is one among people who draw upon each other when making normative judgements intimate to their lives, or more specifically, the course of action with respect to drugs. Identification with this group with respect to the judgement at hand is essential for the adoption of similar norms. The second component is that these bonds must become used to transmit that normative information. Strong bonds do not prevent drug use if that identity does not in some way involve a consideration of drug use as deviant. .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 , .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .postImageUrl , .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 , .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0:hover , .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0:visited , .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0:active { border:0!important; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0:active , .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0 .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua8dd1a3ff017cee8d20905da292e26d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wellness centers, health clubs, gyms and spas are EssayFinally, the limitations of this theory must also be considered. That is, in some cases, drug use stems from a perception that all social bonds have been severed. Thus the behavior is not learned from an intimate peer group, but from the environment in general. In this case, the old-fashioned analysis of stress relief has more effect, and the prescription for treatment may differBibliographyOetting, E.R. and Donnermeyer, J.F. Primary Socialization Theory: The Etiology of Drug Use and Deviance. I. Substance Use and Misuse 33 (4): 995-1026 (1991)

Invisible Man By Ellison Essays - Puppetry, Invisible Man, Dolls

Invisible Man By Ellison Life on the Strings Dolls. We are surrounded by dolls. G. I. Joe, Barbie, Polly Pocket, and WWF action figures. Prior to our plasticene friends we had paper dolls, marionettes, and delicately featured porcelain dolls. We are strangely fascinated by these cold, lifeless objects that look so much like ourselves. Children clutch them and create elaborate scenes, while adults are content to simply collect, allowing them to sit, motionless on a shelf, staring coolly back at their live counterparts. Which brings us to and interesting point, are people simply dolls for other people to play with or collect? One could make the arguement that we are all Tod Cliftons', doomed to dance by invisible strings while wearing a mask of individualism. However, unlike Tod Clifton, most of us will not realize that who pulls the string, is not ourselves. Ralph Ellison's novel, The Invisible Man is fraught with images of dolls as if to constantly reminded the reader that no one is in complete control of themselves. Our first example of doll imagery comes very early in the novel with the Battle Royal scene. The nude, blonde woman is described as having hair "that was yellow like that of a circus kewpie doll" (19). Ellison draws a very strong connection between the plight of the Negro man and the white woman. The fact that they are both shown as puppets or dolls in the work is no coincidence. The woman and the African are merely show pieces for the white men in the novel. Tod Clifton's dancing Sambo dolls are the most striking example of doll imagery. This small tissue paper doll has the capability to completely change the Invisible Man. When he sees that the powerful and enigmatic Clifton is the one hawking the abominable dolls, the narrator is so filled with humiliation and rage that he spits upon the dancing figure. But what is it that has caused this surging of fury? It is Tod Clifton and not the narrator who has degraded himself to such a base level. However, it is our narrator's sudden comprehension of his own situation that causes his wrath. The line "For a second our eyes met and he gave me a contemptuous smile" (433) illustrates this moment of realization for our narrator. It shows the reader that Tod Clifton was aware of his position as a puppet all along and chooses to enlighten the narrator at this particular point in the novel. The Invisible Man recognizes that all his life he's been a slave and a puppet to others. Whether those others were Bledsoe, his grandfather, or the brotherhood is irrelevant, but there has always been and imperceptible string attached to him governing everything he does. Not only a string but his own physical characteristics echo those of the grotesque Sambo dolls. It's cardboard hands were clenched into fists. The fingers outlined in orange paint, and I noticed that it had two faces, one on either side of the disks of cardboard, and both grinning. (446) Hands doubled into fists? This is the brotherhood message in a nutshell, Strong, ready to fight for what one supposedly believes in. Yet, at the same time these fists are controlled exclusively by the one holding the strings. And the black Sambo puppet blissfully unaware that he is merely a plaything. He smiles to the crowd and back to the puppeteer. It is the grin on the face of this doll that initially angers the Invisible Man. But why? Thinking back to the very start of the novel we have the Grandfather's dying words to our narrator, "...overcome 'em with yesses, undermine 'em with grins, agree 'em to death and destruction..." (16). It would seem as though the Grandfather and Tod Clifton are in league with one another as they both have a firm grasp on what power men have over men. We get a powerful and disturbing image of this very idea when the Invisible Man is in the factory hospital after the explosion. It is a scene that seems to fade into the mishmash of confusion that accompanies this part of the novel, but it is nonetheless very important. As the narrator lies in his glass enclosed box with wires and electrodes attached all over his body, he is subjected to shock treatment. "Look, he's dancing," someone called. "No, really?" ..." They really do have rhythm, don't they? Get hot, boy! Get hot!" it said with a laugh. (237) This image is almost a perfect match with that